🔐 Secrets Management

A comprehensive guide for managing secrets, API keys, and sensitive configuration in Eliza.

Core Concepts

Environment Variables

Eliza uses a hierarchical environment variable system:

Character-specific secrets (highest priority)
Environment variables
Default values (lowest priority)

Secret Types

Common secrets you'll need to manage:

# API Keys
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-*
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your-key
ELEVENLABS_XI_API_KEY=your-key
GOOGLE_GENERATIVE_AI_API_KEY=your-key

# Client Authentication
DISCORD_API_TOKEN=your-token
TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN=your-token

# Database Credentials
SUPABASE_URL=your-url
SUPABASE_SERVICE_API_KEY=your-key

# EVM
EVM_PRIVATE_KEY=EXAMPLE_WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY

# Solana
SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY=EXAMPLE_WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY
SOLANA_PUBLIC_KEY=EXAMPLE_WALLET_PUBLIC_KEY

# Fallback Wallet Configuration (deprecated)
WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY=EXAMPLE_WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY
WALLET_PUBLIC_KEY=EXAMPLE_WALLET_PUBLIC_KEY

Implementation Guide

Basic Setup

Create a .env file from template:

cp .env.example .env

Configure environment discovery:

import { config } from "dotenv";
import path from "path";

export function findNearestEnvFile(startDir = process.cwd()) {
  let currentDir = startDir;

  while (currentDir !== path.parse(currentDir).root) {
    const envPath = path.join(currentDir, ".env");

    if (fs.existsSync(envPath)) {
      return envPath;
    }

    currentDir = path.dirname(currentDir);
  }

  return null;
}

Character-Specific Secrets

Define secrets in character files:

{
  "name": "TradingBot",
  "settings": {
    "secrets": {
      "OPENAI_API_KEY": "character-specific-key",
      "WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY": "character-specific-wallet"
    }
  }
}

Access secrets in code:

const apiKey = runtime.getSetting("OPENAI_API_KEY");

Secure Storage

Database Secrets

Use encrypted connection strings:

class SecureDatabase {
  private connection: Connection;

  constructor(encryptedConfig: string) {
    const config = this.decryptConfig(encryptedConfig);
    this.connection = new Connection(config);
  }

  private decryptConfig(encrypted: string): DatabaseConfig {
    // Implement decryption logic
    return JSON.parse(decrypted);
  }
}

Wallet Management

Secure handling of blockchain credentials:

class WalletManager {
  private async initializeWallet(runtime: IAgentRuntime) {
    const privateKey =
      runtime.getSetting("SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY") ??
      runtime.getSetting("WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY");

    if (!privateKey) {
      throw new Error("Wallet private key not configured");
    }

    // Validate key format
    try {
      const keyBuffer = Buffer.from(privateKey, "base64");
      if (keyBuffer.length !== 64) {
        throw new Error("Invalid key length");
      }
    } catch (error) {
      throw new Error("Invalid private key format");
    }

    // Initialize wallet securely
    return new Wallet(privateKey);
  }
}

Secret Rotation

Implement automatic secret rotation:

class SecretRotation {
  private static readonly SECRET_LIFETIME = 90 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 90 days

  async shouldRotateSecret(secretName: string): Promise<boolean> {
    const lastRotation = await this.getLastRotation(secretName);
    return Date.now() - lastRotation > SecretRotation.SECRET_LIFETIME;
  }

  async rotateSecret(secretName: string): Promise<void> {
    // Implement rotation logic
    const newSecret = await this.generateNewSecret();
    await this.updateSecret(secretName, newSecret);
    await this.recordRotation(secretName);
  }
}

Access Control

Implement proper access controls:

class SecretAccess {
  private static readonly ALLOWED_KEYS = [
    "OPENAI_API_KEY",
    "DISCORD_TOKEN",
    // ... other allowed keys
  ];

  static validateAccess(key: string): boolean {
    return this.ALLOWED_KEYS.includes(key);
  }

  static async getSecret(
    runtime: IAgentRuntime,
    key: string,
  ): Promise<string | null> {
    if (!this.validateAccess(key)) {
      throw new Error(`Unauthorized access to secret: ${key}`);
    }

    return runtime.getSetting(key);
  }
}

Encryption at Rest

Implement encryption for stored secrets:

import { createCipheriv, createDecipheriv } from "crypto";

class SecretEncryption {
  static async encrypt(value: string, key: Buffer): Promise<string> {
    const iv = crypto.randomBytes(16);
    const cipher = createCipheriv("aes-256-gcm", key, iv);

    let encrypted = cipher.update(value, "utf8", "hex");
    encrypted += cipher.final("hex");

    return JSON.stringify({
      iv: iv.toString("hex"),
      encrypted,
      tag: cipher.getAuthTag().toString("hex"),
    });
  }

  static async decrypt(encrypted: string, key: Buffer): Promise<string> {
    const { iv, encrypted: encryptedData, tag } = JSON.parse(encrypted);

    const decipher = createDecipheriv(
      "aes-256-gcm",
      key,
      Buffer.from(iv, "hex"),
    );

    decipher.setAuthTag(Buffer.from(tag, "hex"));

    let decrypted = decipher.update(encryptedData, "hex", "utf8");
    decrypted += decipher.final("utf8");

    return decrypted;
  }
}

Best Practices

1. Environment Segregation

Maintain separate environment files:

.env.development    # Local development settings
.env.staging       # Staging environment
.env.production    # Production settings

2. Git Security

Exclude sensitive files:

# .gitignore
.env
.env.*
characters/**/secrets.json
**/serviceAccount.json

3. Secret Validation

Validate secrets before use:

async function validateSecrets(character: Character): Promise<void> {
  const required = ["OPENAI_API_KEY"];
  const missing = required.filter((key) => !character.settings.secrets[key]);

  if (missing.length > 0) {
    throw new Error(`Missing required secrets: ${missing.join(", ")}`);
  }
}

4. Error Handling

Secure error messages:

try {
  await loadSecrets();
} catch (error) {
  if (error.code === "ENOENT") {
    console.error("Environment file not found");
  } else if (error instanceof ValidationError) {
    console.error("Invalid secret format");
  } else {
    // Log securely without exposing secret values
    console.error("Error loading secrets");
  }
}

Security Considerations

1. Handling API Keys

class APIKeyManager {
  private validateAPIKey(key: string): boolean {
    if (key.startsWith("sk-")) {
      return key.length > 20;
    }
    return false;
  }

  async rotateAPIKey(provider: string): Promise<void> {
    // Implement key rotation logic
  }
}

2. Secure Configuration Loading

class ConfigLoader {
  private static sanitizePath(path: string): boolean {
    return !path.includes("../") && !path.startsWith("/");
  }

  async loadConfig(path: string): Promise<Config> {
    if (!this.sanitizePath(path)) {
      throw new Error("Invalid config path");
    }
    // Load configuration
  }
}

3. Memory Security

class SecureMemory {
  private secrets: Map<string, WeakRef<string>> = new Map();

  set(key: string, value: string): void {
    this.secrets.set(key, new WeakRef(value));
  }

  get(key: string): string | null {
    const ref = this.secrets.get(key);
    return ref?.deref() ?? null;
  }
}

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Missing Secrets

if (!process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY) {
  throw new Error(
    "OpenAI API key not found in environment or character settings",
  );
}

Invalid Secret Format

function validateApiKey(key: string): boolean {
  // OpenAI keys start with 'sk-'
  if (key.startsWith("sk-")) {
    return key.length > 20;
  }
  return false;
}

Secret Loading Errors

try {
  await loadSecrets();
} catch (error) {
  if (error.response) {
    console.error("Response data:", error.response.data);
    console.error("Response status:", error.response.status);
  } else if (error.request) {
    console.error("No response received:", error.request);
  } else {
    console.error("Error setting up request:", error.message);
  }
}

Configuration Guide for general setup
Local Development for development environment
Infrastructure Guide for deployment security

Core Concepts​

Environment Variables​

Secret Types​

Implementation Guide​

Basic Setup​

Character-Specific Secrets​

Secure Storage​

Database Secrets​

Wallet Management​

Secret Rotation​

Access Control​

Encryption at Rest​

Best Practices​

1. Environment Segregation​

2. Git Security​

3. Secret Validation​

4. Error Handling​

Security Considerations​

1. Handling API Keys​

2. Secure Configuration Loading​

3. Memory Security​

Troubleshooting​

Common Issues​

Related Resources​